Choosing the Right Doctor: 10 Questions You’ve Got to Ask (And What the Answers Mean)

By Steve S. Ryan, PhD, Last updated: August 5, 2023

10 Questions for Doctors

When you set up a consultation appointment with a doctor, think of it as an interview. Don’t worry, doctors are also ‘interviewing’ you to determine if they can help you.

To scrutinize prospective doctors, this list of 10 questions will solicit the information you need to select the best doctor (cardiac electrophysiologist) for your type of A-Fib and your treatment goals.

Our coordinated worksheet lists the 10 questions with space for a doctor’s answers. Just download the PDF file “Questions for Doctor’s” Worksheet (and save to your hard drive). Then, print a worksheet for each doctor you interview.

Interview Questions and a Doctor’s Possible Answers (and What They Mean)

Familiarize yourself with these questions before your interviews. Afterwards, use this page to compare the doctor’s answers to typical responses and what each response may mean to you.

(File your worksheets and other notes in your A-Fib binder or folder for future reference—later you might want a second opinion).

1. What treatments do you recommend for dealing with or curing my type of A-Fib?

If the doctor only talks about different medications, you should probably talk to other doctors on your list. Overall, Drug Therapies have poor success rates, and don’t address the progressive nature of Atrial Fibrillation.

Today, the best and least invasive A-Fib treatments are RF Catheter Ablation and CryoBalloon Catheter Ablation.

2. Do you perform Catheter Ablation procedures for my type of A-Fib? What methods or techniques do you use or prefer?

Response #1:    “I only work or prefer to work in the right atrium.” Or, “I will eliminate the Atrial Flutter in your right atrium first.” 

Translation: These responses indicate a doctor may not have the experience or be comfortable working in the left atrium. Though it’s more difficult to work in the left atrium, most A-Fib comes from the left atrium pulmonary veins. You may have Atrial Flutter in your right atrium along with your A-Fib, but it may well be triggered by the A-Fib coming from your left atrium. You should probably talk to other doctors on your list.

Response #2:    “We recommend catheter ablation of the AV node and implanting a permanent pacemaker.”

Translation: Though this used to be one of the most common treatments for A-Fib, you don’t want to be burdened with a permanent pacemaker for the rest of your life when there are better options available.

Also, this procedure leaves you in A-Fib and dependent on medication for the rest of your life. Unless you have a Sinus Node problem and need a pacemaker, you should probably talk to other doctors on your list.

Response #3:    “We use Circumferential Ablation to eliminate A-Fib.” Or “Segmental Ablation…” Or “Anatomically-Based Circumferential Ablation…” Or “Pulmonary Vein Antrum Isolation…”

Translation: All good answers. Circumferential, Segmental, Anatomically-Based Circumferential (also referred to as Left Atrial Ablation) and Pulmonary Vein Antrum Isolation (PVAI) are refinements or different Pulmonary Vein Ablation procedure strategies. All offer you a good chance of being cured of your A-Fib. Circumferential is the most used technique.

Response #4:    “We use a special catheter sensor to pinpoint ectopic beats coming from areas of the heart, mostly from the Pulmonary Veins in the left atrium. We then ablate these areas.”

Translation: Good answer. (Ectopic beats come from any region of the heart that ordinarily should not produce heart beat signals, such as the pulmonary veins.)

This response indicates the doctor and/or medical center is targeting specific spots generating the A-Fib signals. This technique, first called Focal Catheter Ablation, was the first technique developed to ablate A-Fib. Today you may hear the terms Pulmonary Vein Isolation/Ablation, PVI/A or Pulmonary Vein Antrum Isolation (PVAI).

However, most centers today use either Circumferential or Segmental techniques to first ablate or isolate the entire area around the openings of all four Pulmonary Veins. If the A-Fib signals persist, then they’ll proceed to target and abate the specific source of the ectopic beats.

Response #5: “Besides RF Catheter Ablation, we also can use CryoBalloon Catheter Ablation to isolate the Pulmonary Veins.”

Translation: This response indicates the doctor and/or medical center are versatile and can use either or both techniques to find and ablate your A-Fib signals.

The safety and effectiveness of RF catheter ablation and Cryoballoon catheter ablation are similar. EPs have been doing RF ablations for decades. It works. The CryoBalloon Ablation (FDA-approved in 2010) is a relatively new method of ablation without a long-term track record. Both are low risk procedures.

Warning: stay away from EPs who only do CryoBalloon ablation. Some EPs, with no expertise with RF catheter ablations, are now doing CryoBalloon ablations because they’re easier (i.e. less demanding) and faster to perform (more lucrative).

What’s important: Not the type of ablation you choose, but rather the skill, expertise and experience of your EP.

3. What is your success rate for my type of A-Fib? How do you define ‘success’? (Is the patient free of A-Fib and free from drug therapy? Or free of A-Fib but still on medications?)”

Major centers with a lot of experience have a success rate of around 70%–85% for Paroxysmal A-Fib (and a higher success rate of 90%–95% if a second ablation is necessary). If their success rate is 50% or less, you should probably look elsewhere.

If you have Persistent or Long-standing Persistent A-Fib, you have to be prepared to have at least two ablation procedures.

4. How long have you been performing catheter ablations for my type of A-Fib and how many procedures do you perform a year? 

There are many electrophysiologists (EP) and several medical centers that have been doing Pulmonary Vein Ablations for years and have done hundreds (or thousands) of Pulmonary Vein Ablations.

At a minimum, you want an EP who performs around a 100 procedures a year. A doctor who only does a few ablations a month, may not be doing enough to maintain or develop ablation skills. (Less than 20 Pulmonary Vein Ablations a year means they are probably still in their “training” stage.)

5.“What do you do if I’m still in A-Fib at the end of the ablation procedure? 

Response #1:    “I’ll use electrocardioversion to shock your heart back into normal sinus rhythm.”

Translation: This is NOT the answer you want to hear. A doctor who leaves a patient in A-Fib and shocks them back into sinus rhythm may be remiss and just wants an easy way to wrap up the procedure. Run, don’t walk, to another EP.

Response #2:    “I’ll look for non-PV triggers using computer mapping technology and then ablate those areas.

Translation: This is the type of answer you want to hear. Not all A-Fib signals originate from the Pulmonary Veins, but most do. That’s why doctors ablate the openings to the PVs first.  

Response #3:    “I’ll use a drug to stimulate the areas of your heart that are capable of producing A-Fib signals, then ablate those area.

Translation: Again, this is a perfectly acceptable answer. The EP is on the hunt to ablate your non-PV A-Fib signals.

Response #4:   “If I’m doing a CryoBalloon ablation, I’ll remove the Cryo catheter and switch to an RF catheter. Then using mapping technology, I’ll look for non-PV triggers and ablate those areas.”

Translation: When having a CryoBalloon ablation, this is the preferred answer. (Ideally, in this situation you’ve selected an EP with a dual skill-set, i.e., RF ablation expertise in addition to their CryoBalloon skills.)

6. What kind of complications have you had after ablations?

Every A-Fib doctor has had some complications when doing Pulmonary Vein Ablation procedures. A catheter ablation is a low risk procedure, but it is not risk free.

Possible complications include blood clots and stroke, PV Stenosis (post-op swelling of pulmonary vein openings which can restrict blood flow and lead to fatigue, flu-like symptoms, and pneumonia), Cardiac Tamponade (pooling of fluid around the heart that can cause a drop in blood pressure) and Phrenic Nerve Paralysis (related to the diaphragm, and usually temporary).

Doctors and their office staff are usually very open about the complications they have had and can usually give you statistics. If they are not, you may want to look elsewhere for your doctor.

7. “What techniques or technologies do you use to increase the safety and effectiveness of your procedures? For example, how do you protect the esophagus?”

A doctor’s use of technology may improve their effectiveness compared to other doctors or medical centers.

Examples: Using an imaging system that gives 3-D images of the inside of the heart, of the position of the esophagus, and of catheter placement and pressure; Using an energy source like the CryoBalloon catheter system to produce circular lesions around the pulmonary veins; Using magnetic or robotic arms that aid in more precise placements of lesions or ablations.

Damage to the esophagus during an ablation (called Atrial Esophageal Fistula) is a very rare complication (less than 1 in 1000+), but is often fatal. Heat from the RF catheter damages the esophagus which lies just behind the heart; then over the next 2–3 weeks, gastric acids can eat through the weakened area. Doctors and medical centers take precautions to avoid this damage including prescribing Proton Pump Inhibitors to prevent gastric acid damage.

When you ask how the doctor protects the esophagus, you should hear answers like:

Response 1:     “We use low power at the back of the heart.”

Response 2:      “We use a temperature probe in the esophagus to make sure it doesn’t get too hot.”

Response 3:      “We use barium paste in the esophagus so that we can see where it is when we make ablations and don’t make ablations near the esophagus.”

Response 4:      “We give Proton Pump Inhibitors like Nexium for 2–3 weeks after an ablation to protect the esophagus.”

If you don’t get answers like these, especially about taking Proton Pump Inhibitors after an ablation, it might be wise to talk with other doctors.

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8. Do you ever refer your A-Fib patients for Maze or Mini-Maze surgery?

Some A-Fib patients might be better served by a Maze or Mini-Maze surgery. For example, someone who needs open heart surgery for another problem might well combine that surgery with a Maze operation.

Someone who can’t tolerate warfarin (brand names Coumadin and Jantoven) or other blood thinners might turn to a Mini-Maze surgery. Most Mini-Maze surgeries are the result of referrals by electrophysiologists.

(If a doctor doesn’t normally refer patients for Maze or Mini-maze surgeries, this isn’t necessarily a reason for their rejection. They may be concerned about a loss of quality control if they send patients to a surgeon, someone who’s not a specialist in heart rhythm problems.)

9. (For female patients) What is the extent of your training specifically related to women’s heart health?

Women tend to have different symptoms of heart disease than men, in part because their bodies respond differently to risk factors such as high blood pressure.

Cardiologists who specialize in women are more common than ever. Medical centers now have clinics devoted to women’s heart health. Women with A-Fib may want to seek out a specialist who is up-to-date in this field of research.

10. Observations of the doctor’s demeanor, approachability and listening skills. Is this someone you want to work with? Who understands how A-Fib makes you feel? Who inspires your trust?

Download and save the FREE companion worksheet to “Choosing the Right Doctor: 10 Questions You’ve Got to Ask”.

Print a worksheet for each doctor you interview.

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If you find any errors on this page, email us. Y Last updated: Saturday, August 5, 2023

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